INDUS VALLEY CIVILISATION
¨  INDUS CIVILIZATION BEGINS FROM 2500 BC-1750 BC.
¨  INDUS CIVILIZATION BELONGS TO CHALCOLITHIC AGE OR BRONZE AGE.
¨  THE PREVALENT SITES HARAPPA, MOHENJODARO, CHANHUDARO ARE IN PAKISTAN WHEREAS LOTHAL, KALIBANGA, BANAWALI, DHOLAVIRA ARE  IN INDIA.
¨  NORTHERN MOST SITE-ROPAR OF PUNJAB/MANDA OF JK.
¨  SOUTHERN MOST SITE-BHAGATRAV OF GUJARAT/ DAIMABAD OF MAHARASTRA
¨  EASTERNMOST SITE- ALAMGIRPUR OF UP.
¨  WESTERNMOST SITE-SUTKAGENDOR OF PAKISTAN.

¨ SITES IN PAKISTAN

 ¨  HARAPPA WAS EXCAVATED BY DAYA RAM SAHNI(1921)

¨  MOHENJODERO WAS EXCAVATED BY RAKHAL DAS BANNERJI(1922)

¨  CHANHUDARO WAS EXCAVATED BY MACKAY(1925)

¨ SITES IN INDIA

¨  LOTHAL WAS EXCAVATED BY S.R.RAO(1954)

¨  KALIBANGA WAS EXCAVATED BY AMALANAND GHOSH(1951)

¨  BANAWALI WAS EXCAVATED BY R.S.BIST(1973)
 
¨  DHOLAVIRA WAS EXCAVATED BY J.P.JOSHI (1967)

¨  THE LARGEST SITE OF INDUS VALLEY IS MOHENJODARO

¨  WHEREAS THE LARGEST SITE OF INDUS VALLEY CIVILIZATION IN INDIA IS DHOLAVIRA 

¨  SURKOTODA OF GUJARAT IS THE ONLY SITE WHERE HORSE REMAINS WERE FOUND 

¨CROPS OF INDUS CIVILIZATION 

¨  WHEAT AND BARLEY,

¨  DATES, MUSTARD,COTTON

¨  RICE IN GUJARAT ONLY 

¨ANIMALS KNOWN TO INDUS CIVILIZATION WERE
¨  SHEEP
¨  GOAT
¨  HUMPED BULL
¨  DOG
¨  CAMEL
¨  RHINO
¨  ELEPHANT
¨  COW AND LION-UNKNOWN. 

¨ INDUS CIVILIZATION HAVE EVIDENCE OF FLOURISHED FOREIGN TRADE.
¨  IMPORT OF GOLD, SILVER, COPPER, TIN, LAPIS LAZULI, AMETHYST WERE SEEN
¨  EXPORT OF COTTON,TERACOTTA TOYS, BEADS, SHELLS, AGRICULTURAL GOODS. 

¨ COPPER WAS KNOWN
¨ IRON WAS NOT KNOWN

¨ THESE WERE FIRST TO PRODUCE COTTON.

¨ FOR TRADE NO COINS, BUT BARTER SYSTEM

¨ NO TEMPLES, NO GODS

¨ PROTO SHIVA
¨ PASUPATI MAHADEVA WAS MAIN DEITY.HE IS SURROUNDED BY ELEPHANT,TIGER, RHINO,BUFFALO

¨ SOME INTERESTING FACTS

¨ BOUSTROPHEDON WRITING
¨ SWASTIKA SYMBOL CAN BE TRACED FROM THIS PERIOD.